Titles of books and journals are italicised if typed or underlined if hand-written.Commas are used to separate the main elements of the citation.Publication details for a book are enclosed in parentheses.The title and subtitle are capitalised.Authors names are presented in full if known, with given name or initials before surname.Barry Bridges, 'Lord Kitchener and the Morant/Handcock Executions', Journal of the Australian Historical Society 73 (June 1987): 37. Kit Denton, Closed File (Adelaide: Rigby, 1983), 68.Ģ. The corresponding footnotes have the following format:ġ. Morant and his fellow soldier Handcock have been viewed as 'scapegoats of the Empire'. 1 It is, however, the circumstances which led to his trial and execution, which most concern the average Australian. a hard-fisted bushman, a versifier, womaniser, drunkard, gambler, a brilliant horseman, social success, brave soldier, and a ruthless adversary. Here is an example of this kind of referencing:īreaker Morant has been described as, '. If there are a large number of notes, they may be placed either at the end of the chapter or the end of the whole work. Footnotes are used when there are only a small number of references. A footnote lists the author, title and details of publication, in that order. A numeral is placed in the text to indicate the cited work and again at the bottom of the page in front of the footnote. ' is sufficient.įootnotes are listed at the bottom of the page on which a citation is made. It is not necessary to say 'In reference 6.It is not necessary to mention either the author(s) or the date of the reference unless it is relevant to your text.The largest lesion in the first study was 10 cm.

Several recent studies 3 have suggested that. The theory was first put forward in 1987.

Here are some examples of this kind of referencing: No distinction is made between print and electronic references when citing within the text.These phrases usually come before quotations. Phrases used to introduce cited material are called signal phrases.The notes generally serve two purposes: to cite sources and to make cross-references to previous notes.Citations are numbered sequentially in the order in which they appear in the text and each citation corresponds to a numbered footnote containing publication information about the source cited.A number in superscript format, placed in the text of the essay, indicates the relevant footnote.Indicating the Relevant Citation in the Text

Footnote endnote example